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Top 20 Items that Cause Escrow Issues in Gestational Surrogacy Agreements (GSA)

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_message style=”square” message_box_color=”grey”]Disclaimer: This information is intended to inform and guide attorneys and agencies about the financial matters within Gestational Surrogacy Agreements that cause client confusion and payment issues. This information is not intended to be taken as legal advice or take the place of legal advice from local attorneys qualified to practice in this area of law. The language contained is not intended to be inserted word-for-word into Contracts. Rather, when drafting their Retainer Agreements and Surrogacy Contracts, attorneys and agencies should consider these recommendations, while taking care to comply and coincide with their respective State’s applicable laws and precedent.[/vc_message][vc_column_text]1. Lost Wages Calculations
  • Account for both the Gestational Carrier (GC) and her companion.
  • Understand all of the short-term disability policies and procedures. Will the policy already be paying lost wages? If so, establish that the Intended Parent(s)(IP) will only be responsible for the difference or if the policy will not pay them in full.
  • Clearly define if/when lost wages will be paid out. Also, be clear as to when lost wages should be paid. (What if the Surrogate is too sick to go to work but does not have a doctor’s note?).
  • Define lost wages for the GC and her companion; will lost wages be defined as net lost wages or gross lost wages? If net, define net lost wages – is it all deductions or only required State and Federal deductions? Determine either an hourly or daily wage amount – only define one to avoid confusion. Determine whether raises are allowed to be taken into account. Set an allowable rate or percent of the wage increase. Set a maximum payout over the life of the journey. Preferably, DO NOT include any sort of calculation. Instead, simply put in the hourly rate and the maximum number of hours per day/week the GC and companion can be reimbursed for lost wages for the life of the contract.
  • If put on bed rest for an extended period of time, does the Surrogate submit a disbursement request for lost wages each week, at the end of every month, or at the beginning of every month?
  • Make sure to include provisions that discuss what happens if the Surrogate changes job or becomes employed during her surrogacy (if she was not employed prior to pregnancy).
2. Bed Rest Maximums
  • Specify the type of delivery vs. the allowable amount of lost wages and bed rest compensation – Maximum bed rest compensations should be set dependent on the type of delivery; vaginal or caesarian.
  • Clearly define whether the maximum will be guaranteed or if a physician’s note will be required for all bedrest, pre-delivery and post-delivery.
  • Ensure that the difference between gross and net lost wages has been communicated during the contract phase. Often times GCs are unaware of the differences, and this always causes problems. Preferably, DO NOT include any sort of calculation. Instead, simply put in the hourly rate and the maximum number of hours per day/week the GC and companion can be reimbursed for lost wages for the life of the contract.
3. Childcare
  • Define when childcare may be reimbursed or utilized based on specific events (bedrest, appointments, delivery, transfer).
  • Evaluate if the companion/family members who typically care for the children fit into the childcare allocation. If GC has a husband or partner, do they work or can they watch the kids while she is at an appointment? If so, does he get paid or not?
  • Consider a daily cap for childcare. What is needed to prove childcare expense?
  • Set hourly/daily/weekly/monthly limits and consider overnight vs. day needs. Set contract term limits on childcare. Set out exactly what sort of documentation, if any, is required to obtain reimbursement. Decide whether or not a relative will get reimbursed if they watch the child(ren).
4. Mileage
  • Distinguish between short distance and long distance reimbursement. Use clear, easy language that relates to GC’s home address and roundtrips keeping in mind which monitoring clinic she will be traveling to on a regular basis. If short distance mileage is included in monthly stipend, then be clear as to what roundtrip short distance means. If long distance mileage is to be reimbursed, at what mile (in the roundtrip total) does the mileage begin to tally? What if she drives around town when she gets to the long-distance city (to eat, run errands, see a movie, etc…)
  • Include gas, tolls, parking, rental car fees, and wear and tear within the mileage reimbursement. Explicitly include and/or exclude different travel expenses within the mileage reimbursement.
  • Include language that requires GC to provide screenshots of her trip through Google Maps or similar driving service.
  • Expressly state the amount per mile the Surrogate is to receive, making sure to distinguish between the current IRS mileage rate and Medical Mileage rate if you decide not to put in the exact amount (which we strongly recommend over referring to either medical or IRS).
5. Companion
  • Clearly define when they should go, can’t go and may go. Suggestions for “should go” would be embryo transfer and delivery. All other trips require IP pre-approval in writing (email).
  • Expressly limit when GC can take companion, as this will impact companion’s travel reimbursement (e.g., per diem, lost wages, etc.).
6. Monthly Allowance Inclusions
  • The word miscellaneous and the phrase “and any other incidental expenses” should never be used.
    • Distinguish between OTC meds, prescription meds, pre-natal vitamins, co-insurance, insurance premiums, co-pays, faxing, postage and notary fees.
  • Will all the small expenses be reimbursed during the journey? Keeping it open-ended may pose issues later on in the journey. Consider setting a cap on monthly allowance expenses.
7. Base Compensation Disbursements
  • Most GSA’s will account for confirmation of heartbeat (COH) disbursement and then a base comp disbursement. Oftentimes, the payment amounts are similar and the times are very close. If they are close in time, consider dropping the COH payment down and roll it into future base payments.
  • Be clear as to when the base compensation starts. Use the COH date as the benchmark rather than weeks pregnant as the COH date is certain.
  • Consider setting the disbursement date to any other date than the first of the month. Nearly every contract sets the base comps to go out on the 1st. For escrow companies, that means thousands of transactions processing within a two-day window (can’t send out too soon as IP are upset, but can’t send out on the same day as the processing time for banks may mean money does not hit GC account for two days). Also, with so many transactions in such a short window, the likelihood of missing one (your GC’s) is much higher than if the disbursement date were, for example, the 25th or the 5th.
8. Health Insurance Payment Term
  • Clearly define when health insurance coverage begins and ends.
  • Consider all of the potential insurance scenarios and how they may affect the GC’s coverage
    • If her policy ends in February, will it be permissible for the GC to cancel the policy and get her own insurance during open enrollment that will be more affordable for her once the journey is complete?
    • What if her current policy is dropped (e.g., she loses her job, a spouse loses their job, employment policy drastically changes)?
9. Termination Date for GSA and Escrow Account
  • How long should insurance continue? Specify and use the date of delivery as the benchmark.
  • How long should monthly allowance continue? Specify and use the date of delivery as the benchmark.
  • Escrow should remain open for at least 6 months to allow medical providers time to generate and send bills out in the months after delivery.
10. Define “Physician” as in NOT a Doula or Midwife
  • Clearly define which professionals may render services for which IPs shall be responsible for payment. This plays a significant factor when the IPs have to cover medical costs arising out of physician-ordered (as opposed to doula- or midwife-ordered) treatment such as chiropractic care or vitamin regiments.
11. Minimum Balances Requirements
  • Establish minimum balance requirements at each stage of the Journey (med/legal clearance, transfer, COH and delivery).
12. Define a Dropped Cycle
  • Dropped cycle is hardly ever defined and always problematic. Define when it is considered dropped and why (e.g., If she stops taking meds? If doctors order her to hold off on starting meds?, etc.).
13. Per Diem
  • GC and companion: Flat Fee v. Receipts (cap v. no cap) – is the GC entitled to a non-accountable flat fee or is she entitled to her actual and documented meal costs? This should be clearly explained, if receipts are or are not required, this should be clearly stated. What are the max limits if not using a set daily amount?
  • Day fee vs. overnight fee, this should be clearly defined and differentiated.
  • Consider including tips and tip limits.
14. Hotels and Hotel charges
  • Clearly define what charges (made to the room) are and are NOT included, remembering to cover the companion who may consume alcohol. Establish an acceptable room rate including fees and taxes and what to do if the room/hotel must be changed. Keep in mind that people order room service, add tips, order movies and have access to food/drinks in the minibar/courtesy area of the room.
  • What happens if the Surrogate needs to switch hotels for some reason (e.g., construction going on, terrible room/environment/etc.)
15. Invasive Procedures
  • Clearly define which invasive procedures will be included for compensation.
  • Specify what is and what is not an “invasive procedure” (i.e., every time GC is punctured by a needle, cut open, has a scope inserted in her uterus, etc…). Consider that many GCs will request invasive procedure fees for transvaginal ultrasounds, scopes, or removal of polyp or moles. (Yes, moles.)
16. Relying on an Accidental Death and Dismemberment (A&D) Policy to be GC’s only Source of Compensation.
  • Take into account the policy’s compensation. Who will the policy reimburse? Does the GC have to wait for the A&D check to come or can she submit right away to the escrow company for compensation?
17. Multi-Fetal Clauses
  • Specify when monthly multi-fetal payments will begin and decide if GC will receive an initial payment upon confirmation of multiple heartbeats. Recommend compensation starting after 20 weeks, but payment due at the detection of twin heartbeats. Twin transfers suffer from many things such as vanishing twin syndrome, and many do not want to compensate until the pregnancy has been confirmed viable, but the contracts do not always reflect this clearly
18. Airfare
  • What is included in the airfare allocation? (e.g., Carry-on and Checked baggage limits per traveler, coach fare or best available, who books the airfare).
19. Provisions Regarding IP Divorce or Separation
  • Establish divorce and separation IP provisions in every contract pertaining to funds holding or management. Clearly define who will be responsible for funding, for how much, and when the funds will be due in the escrow account. Also, state who will receive the remaining funds once escrow is closed.
20. Minimum Initial Deposit requirement
  • We recommend between $5,000-$10,000.
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]

Disclaimer: This information is intended to inform and guide attorneys and agencies about the financial matters within Gestational Surrogacy Agreements that cause client confusion and payment issues. This information is not intended to be taken as legal advice or take the place of legal advice from local attorneys qualified to practice in this area of law. The language contained is not intended to be inserted word-for-word into Contracts. Rather, when drafting their Retainer Agreements and Surrogacy Contracts, attorneys and agencies should consider these recommendations, while taking care to comply and coincide with their respective State’s applicable laws and precedent.

1. Lost Wages Calculations

  • Account for both the Gestational Carrier (GC) and her companion.
  • Understand all of the short-term disability policies and procedures. Will the policy already be paying lost wages? If so, establish that the Intended Parent(s)(IP) will only be responsible for the difference or if the policy will not pay them in full.
  • Clearly define if/when lost wages will be paid out. Also, be clear as to when lost wages should be paid. (What if the Surrogate is too sick to go to work but does not have a doctor’s note?).
  • Define lost wages for the GC and her companion; will lost wages be defined as net lost wages or gross lost wages? If net, define net lost wages – is it all deductions or only required State and Federal deductions? Determine either an hourly or daily wage amount – only define one to avoid confusion. Determine whether raises are allowed to be taken into account. Set an allowable rate or percent of the wage increase. Set a maximum payout over the life of the journey. Preferably, DO NOT include any sort of calculation. Instead, simply put in the hourly rate and the maximum number of hours per day/week the GC and companion can be reimbursed for lost wages for the life of the contract.
  • If put on bed rest for an extended period of time, does the Surrogate submit a disbursement request for lost wages each week, at the end of every month, or at the beginning of every month?
  • Make sure to include provisions that discuss what happens if the Surrogate changes job or becomes employed during her surrogacy (if she was not employed prior to pregnancy).

2. Bed Rest Maximums

  • Specify the type of delivery vs. the allowable amount of lost wages and bed rest compensation – Maximum bed rest compensations should be set dependent on the type of delivery; vaginal or caesarian.
  • Clearly define whether the maximum will be guaranteed or if a physician’s note will be required for all bedrest, pre-delivery and post-delivery.
  • Ensure that the difference between gross and net lost wages has been communicated during the contract phase. Often times GCs are unaware of the differences, and this always causes problems. Preferably, DO NOT include any sort of calculation. Instead, simply put in the hourly rate and the maximum number of hours per day/week the GC and companion can be reimbursed for lost wages for the life of the contract.

3. Childcare

  • Define when childcare may be reimbursed or utilized based on specific events (bedrest, appointments, delivery, transfer).
  • Evaluate if the companion/family members who typically care for the children fit into the childcare allocation. If GC has a husband or partner, do they work or can they watch the kids while she is at an appointment? If so, does he get paid or not?
  • Consider a daily cap for childcare. What is needed to prove childcare expense?
  • Set hourly/daily/weekly/monthly limits and consider overnight vs. day needs. Set contract term limits on childcare. Set out exactly what sort of documentation, if any, is required to obtain reimbursement. Decide whether or not a relative will get reimbursed if they watch the child(ren).

4. Mileage

  • Distinguish between short distance and long distance reimbursement. Use clear, easy language that relates to GC’s home address and roundtrips keeping in mind which monitoring clinic she will be traveling to on a regular basis. If short distance mileage is included in monthly stipend, then be clear as to what roundtrip short distance means. If long distance mileage is to be reimbursed, at what mile (in the roundtrip total) does the mileage begin to tally? What if she drives around town when she gets to the long-distance city (to eat, run errands, see a movie, etc…)
  • Include gas, tolls, parking, rental car fees, and wear and tear within the mileage reimbursement. Explicitly include and/or exclude different travel expenses within the mileage reimbursement.
  • Include language that requires GC to provide screenshots of her trip through Google Maps or similar driving service.
  • Expressly state the amount per mile the Surrogate is to receive, making sure to distinguish between the current IRS mileage rate and Medical Mileage rate if you decide not to put in the exact amount (which we strongly recommend over referring to either medical or IRS).

5. Companion

  • Clearly define when they should go, can’t go and may go. Suggestions for “should go” would be embryo transfer and delivery. All other trips require IP pre-approval in writing (email).
  • Expressly limit when GC can take companion, as this will impact companion’s travel reimbursement (e.g., per diem, lost wages, etc.).

6. Monthly Allowance Inclusions

  • The word miscellaneous and the phrase “and any other incidental expenses” should never be used.
    • Distinguish between OTC meds, prescription meds, pre-natal vitamins, co-insurance, insurance premiums, co-pays, faxing, postage and notary fees.
  • Will all the small expenses be reimbursed during the journey? Keeping it open-ended may pose issues later on in the journey. Consider setting a cap on monthly allowance expenses.

7. Base Compensation Disbursements

  • Most GSA’s will account for confirmation of heartbeat (COH) disbursement and then a base comp disbursement. Oftentimes, the payment amounts are similar and the times are very close. If they are close in time, consider dropping the COH payment down and roll it into future base payments.
  • Be clear as to when the base compensation starts. Use the COH date as the benchmark rather than weeks pregnant as the COH date is certain.
  • Consider setting the disbursement date to any other date than the first of the month. Nearly every contract sets the base comps to go out on the 1st. For escrow companies, that means thousands of transactions processing within a two-day window (can’t send out too soon as IP are upset, but can’t send out on the same day as the processing time for banks may mean money does not hit GC account for two days). Also, with so many transactions in such a short window, the likelihood of missing one (your GC’s) is much higher than if the disbursement date were, for example, the 25th or the 5th.

8. Health Insurance Payment Term

  • Clearly define when health insurance coverage begins and ends.
  • Consider all of the potential insurance scenarios and how they may affect the GC’s coverage
    • If her policy ends in February, will it be permissible for the GC to cancel the policy and get her own insurance during open enrollment that will be more affordable for her once the journey is complete?
    • What if her current policy is dropped (e.g., she loses her job, a spouse loses their job, employment policy drastically changes)?

9. Termination Date for GSA and Escrow Account

  • How long should insurance continue? Specify and use the date of delivery as the benchmark.
  • How long should monthly allowance continue? Specify and use the date of delivery as the benchmark.
  • Escrow should remain open for at least 6 months to allow medical providers time to generate and send bills out in the months after delivery.

10. Define “Physician” as in NOT a Doula or Midwife

  • Clearly define which professionals may render services for which IPs shall be responsible for payment. This plays a significant factor when the IPs have to cover medical costs arising out of physician-ordered (as opposed to doula- or midwife-ordered) treatment such as chiropractic care or vitamin regiments.

11. Minimum Balances Requirements

  • Establish minimum balance requirements at each stage of the Journey (med/legal clearance, transfer, COH and delivery).

12. Define a Dropped Cycle

  • Dropped cycle is hardly ever defined and always problematic. Define when it is considered dropped and why (e.g., If she stops taking meds? If doctors order her to hold off on starting meds?, etc.).

13. Per Diem

    • GC and companion: Flat Fee v. Receipts (cap v. no cap) – is the GC entitled to a non-accountable flat fee or is she entitled to her actual and documented meal costs? This should be clearly explained, if receipts are or are not required, this should be clearly stated. What are the max limits if not using a set daily amount?
    • Day fee vs. overnight fee, this should be clearly defined and differentiated.
    • Consider including tips and tip limits.

     

14. Hotels and Hotel charges

    • Clearly define what charges (made to the room) are and are NOT included, remembering to cover the companion who may consume alcohol. Establish an acceptable room rate including fees and taxes and what to do if the room/hotel must be changed. Keep in mind that people order room service, add tips, order movies and have access to food/drinks in the minibar/courtesy area of the room.
    • What happens if the Surrogate needs to switch hotels for some reason (e.g., construction going on, terrible room/environment/etc.)

15. Invasive Procedures

    • Clearly define which invasive procedures will be included for compensation.
    • Specify what is and what is not an “invasive procedure” (i.e., every time GC is punctured by a needle, cut open, has a scope inserted in her uterus, etc…). Consider that many GCs will request invasive procedure fees for transvaginal ultrasounds, scopes, or removal of polyp or moles. (Yes, moles.)

16. Relying on an Accidental Death and Dismemberment (A&D) Policy to be GC’s only Source of Compensation.

    • Take into account the policy’s compensation. Who will the policy reimburse? Does the GC have to wait for the A&D check to come or can she submit right away to the escrow company for compensation?

17. Multi-Fetal Clauses

    • Specify when monthly multi-fetal payments will begin and decide if GC will receive an initial payment upon confirmation of multiple heartbeats. Recommend compensation starting after 20 weeks, but payment due at the detection of twin heartbeats. Twin transfers suffer from many things such as vanishing twin syndrome, and many do not want to compensate until the pregnancy has been confirmed viable, but the contracts do not always reflect this clearly

18. Airfare

    • What is included in the airfare allocation? (e.g., Carry-on and Checked baggage limits per traveler, coach fare or best available, who books the airfare).

19. Provisions Regarding IP Divorce or Separation

    • Establish divorce and separation IP provisions in every contract pertaining to funds holding or management. Clearly define who will be responsible for funding, for how much, and when the funds will be due in the escrow account. Also, state who will receive the remaining funds once escrow is closed.

20. Minimum Initial Deposit requirement

    • We recommend between $5,000-$10,000.

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Colby Priest

Escrow Account Specialist

Colby joined our team in 2024, bringing his wealth of knowledge in healthcare and real estate. Living in the sunshine state with his wife and son and their two dogs, Colby and his family enjoy traveling, boating and enjoying all Florida has to offer.

Hunter McMillin

ESCROW CONTRACT COORDINATOR

A graduate of the University of California, Riverside, Hunter has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology and joins SeedTrust with a year of escrow account management experience. Born and raised in Southern California,

Hunter enjoys surfing, snowboarding, and cheering on his favorite LA sports teams, the Dodgers and the Lakers.

Outside of work, Hunter loves to hangout with his girlfriend and spend time with their cat. An athlete nearly his entire life, he likes to play pick-up basketball and watch sports with his friends. Hunter is passionate about forming relationships with others and helping them achieve their goals, and hopes his social skills and willingness to assist clients takes SeedTrust to new heights.

Dadby Gallahad

Escrow Account Specialist

Dadby Gallahad is bilingual in English and Spanish. She has been a paralegal for the past 7 years in which she helped the Spanish-speaking community with their personal injury cases. Now, as a paralegal for SeedTrust,  Dadby

continues to enjoy helping Spanish-speaking Intended Parents and Surrogates. Dadby enjoys going to the movies and taking nature walks in her spare time with her husband.

Angel Forrest

Surrogate Advocate

Angel Forrest, Surrogate Escrow Guide, joined SeedTrust with over 15 years of experience in Human Resources, Customer Service, and Business Administration. As a mother herself, Angel is passionate about having a family and the joy of being a parent. 

Angel is dedicated to supporting surrogates and ensuring all clients have the best possible experience and stress-free journeys.

When not in the office, Angel enjoys outdoor activities with her family and friends. She especially enjoys going to the beach and boating.

Ron Snyder

Escrow Support Specialist

Ron was born and raised in Philadelphia, PA, where a passion for communication and broadcasting first took root. During college, Ron showcased a flair for media and communication by hosting a radio show for four years, and also writing video 

game reviews for an entertainment website. After graduating from Temple University with a degree in Communication, he embarked on a diverse professional journey that spans billing, the mortgage industry, and collections.

Outside of professional endeavors, Ron enjoys a vibrant personal life filled with hobbies and family time. An avid bowler and ice hockey player, he also treasures spending quality time with his wife Trisha, and two boys Dominic and Declan.

Katelyn Barker

Escrow Support Specialist

Based in DeLand, FL, Katelyn Barker focuses on streamlining processes, ensuring accuracy, and supporting clients with a detail-oriented approach. Her commitment to excellence makes her an invaluable asset to the SeedTrust team.

Outside of work, Katelyn enjoys a vibrant life with her family, including her husband, their toddler, and a lively assortment of animals: nine ducks, seven chickens, two dogs, and even a pig! Whether she’s balancing books or enjoying time on her small homestead, Katelyn’s dedication and passion shine through.

Lina Wei

SR. Closing Specialist

Lina Wei, MBA, joined SeedTrust as an ART Paralegal with experience in the reproductive science and surrogacy field. Bilingual in Mandarin and English, Lina is passionate to help grow family while drawing on her experience in the education field to make every 

person’s experience with SeedTrust rewarding and pleasant. Outside of the office, Lina enjoys hiking through Mission Trails in San Diego and experiencing different cultures as well as life-styles around the world.

Samantha Jenkins

Specialty Teams and Training Manager

Samantha Jenkins is a graduate from Texas State University and holds a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Communication Studies as well as an Advanced Technical Paralegal Certificate from Austin Community

College. Samantha joins SeedTrust with a background of working in customer service, accounts payable, and the legal industry.

Samantha is passionate about helping others and making sure every client is satisfied.

Outside of the office, Samantha enjoys spending time with her dog Beasley and her family, playing softball, being on the river, and trying out new local restaurants.

Molly Shen

Disbursement Request Specialist

Molly Shen, joined SeedTrust with experience in various fields, including Reproductive Science and Surrogacy Industry, Science Education, and College Planning. She is bilingual in Chinese Mandarin and English. Molly is passionate about providing 

clients with high-quality surrogacy escrow services to help families grow and reduce the financial stress of the escrow process.

Outside of the office, you can find her hiking beautiful trails throughout the state of Indiana, gardening, food tasting, and spending time with her kids and family.

Nicole Davis

Disbursement Request Specialist

Nicole Davis has a strong foundation in banking and financial services. With a focus on both small and large-scale disbursements, she has honed her expertise in fraud prevention and detection,  ensuring the security and compliance of all financial 

transactions. Nicole’s comprehensive banking knowledge allows her to manage and navigate complex financial situations with precision.

Holding an Associate of Arts degree, Nicole blends her technical banking expertise with excellent communication skills, ensuring seamless interactions with clients and colleagues. Outside of her professional role, Nicole is passionate about welding and creating custom jewelry, combining her creativity and craftsmanship, In her personal time, she cherishes moments spent with her children, balancing a fulfilling career with a rich family life.

Celine Reilly

Disbursement Request Specialist

Celine Reilly is a versatile professional with a diverse background that spans higher education, real estate, and the travel industry. A proud graduate of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, she brings a well-rounded skill set and a passion for 

helping others in all areas of her life. Outside of her professional pursuits, Celine has a deep love for horses, owning and riding them whenever she can. She is also the proud owner of a spirited Jack Russell Terrier.

When not tending to her animals, Celine enjoys kayaking the crystal-clear springs of Florida with her husband, embracing the outdoors, and experiencing the beauty of nature. She’s an avid RV camper, always seeking new adventures and making memories on the road. With a genuine passion for people, Celine is dedicated to making a positive impact in everything she does, whether it’s in her career or in her personal pursuits.

Dominic Dalton

Disbursement Request Specialist

Dominic brings a robust background in lending, legal, and sales, and is known for his skill in contract review and negotiation. A strong supporter of AI innovation, especially Chat GPT, he is fascinated by the evolving

potential of technology. An animal lover at heart, Dominic shares a special bond with his beloved dog, Coffee, and a fondness for birds such as the African Grey Parrott. An avid reader, writer, and culinary enthusiast with a passion for exploring new recipes and flavors. A dedicated gamer, he appreciates the artistry behind immersive storytelling and interactive experiences.

Jessica Matthews

Disbursement Request Specialist

Located in sunny Florida, Jessica possesses a strong background in efficiency, attention to detail and exceptional organizational abilities. Having navigated her own fertility journey, this personal experience offers her a distinctive viewpoint 

shaped by strength, empathy, and compassion. She cherishes her family and her role as a mother.

Jessica enjoys the company of her pets, attending live music events, cheering for hockey games, and hiking in nature. During her spare time, she enjoys reading, caring for her organic vegetable garden, and appreciating the great outdoors.

Brittney Hemmends

Sr. Escrow Contract Coordinator

Brittney entered SeedTrust as a paralegal with a diverse background in the English field. After graduating with her degree from Texas State University, Brittney entered SeedTrust as a

paralegal with a diverse background in the English field. After graduating with her degree from Texas State University, she found herself immersed in the background of education, psychology, and eventually, law. It was through these years of self-discovery that led her to a career that now feels like home.

When she isn’t spending time at work, Brittney prefers to enjoy a life full of nature and art. She spends some days traveling to new places, hiking to new heights, and learning through creative outlets. Mostly, she lives an exciting, colorful life with her cat Yuno, whose wild but peaceful presence matches her own

Tamara Burtscher

Escrow Contract Coordinator

Tamara excels in contract review and ensures timely scheduling of payments. With a background in psychology from her study abroad experience, Tamara brings a detail-oriented and customer-focused approach to her role. 

She is committed to assisting customers as much as possible, ensuring their needs are met with efficiency and care. Outside of work, Tamara has a passion for animals and enjoys traveling, which enriches her professional perspective and personal growth.

Jessica Pruitt​

Escrow Account Specialist

Jessica is a dedicated professional with a focus in Business from the University of South Carolina Upstate. With over a decade of experience in the business financial world and customer service, she proudly plays a vital role at SeedTrust,  

facilitating smooth and secure financial transactions for families and surrogates. A passionate advocate for surrogacy, Jessica is also a three-time experienced gestational surrogate. Her deep love for the surrogacy community inspired her to pursue a long-term career in this field, allowing her to help others fulfill their dreams of parenthood. Residing in the Upstate of South Carolina, Jessica enjoys life with her husband, two fun-loving children, and two rambunctious dogs, balancing her professional commitments with family adventures and a passion for travel.

Kayleen Stromberg

Independent Escrow Account Manager

Kayleen Stromberg is a Magna Cum Laude graduate of Southern Oregon University who holds a Bachelors of Science degree in Human Communication, with a specialization in Conflict

Resolution, as well as an Associate of Applied Science degree in Paralegal Studies from ABA accredited Pioneer Pacific College. Kayleen joined the SeedTrust team with experience in various fields of the legal industry, including personal injury, general business and taxation, trademark, real property, and estate planning. During her time at SeedTrust, she has assisted thousands of clients throughout their journeys. As a mother herself, it brings her an immense amount of joy to help intended parents realize their dream of parenthood, and provide support to the incredible surrogates and egg/ sperm/ embryo donors who make it all possible. Kayleen is zealous in her desire to provide outstanding support and customer service to each individual she works with throughout their journey, all the while cultivating meaningful relationships.

In Kayleen’s free time, you can find her hiking beautiful trails throughout the state of Oregon, wine tasting in the Umpqua and Willamette Valleys, or cheering on the Oregon Ducks, all with her husband, daughter and dog in tow.

Jordan Marak

Escrow Operations Manager

Jordan Marak is a graduate of Texas Lutheran University and holds a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Sociology with a Criminal Justice focus in addition to an Advanced Technical Paralegal Certificate from Austin Community College. Jordan joined the Seedtrust Team 

with Civil Law legal experience and many years of customer service. Jordan is committed to providing excellent customer service and ensuring each client’s journey is smooth sailing.

Outside of work, Jordan enjoys spending quality time with her family, friends, and her two golden retrievers. She also loves sports and traveling.

Nuala

Escrow Operations Manager

Nuala Deely is a graduate from the University of Massachusetts Amherst and holds a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Legal Studies and a minor in Political Science. With an extensive customer service background, Nuala joined the SeedTrust Team devoted to

providing each client with the best possible experience. Nuala is passionate about helping families grow and working to instill peace of mind in our clients throughout their journey.

Nuala loves spending time with her family. When she is not working, you can find her outdoors. She loves fishing off the coast of Texas, concerts, hiking, and paddling the Guadalupe River.

Cassi Doberstein

ESCROW ACCOUNT SPECIALIST

Cassi brings over a decade of hands-on experience in the surrogacy community, blending her personal journey as a four-time surrogate with a deep understanding of the legal and emotional complexities of the

process.  Her unique perspective allows her to approach each contract with care, precision, and empathy. Cassi is passionate about helping families grow and is dedicated to making the escrow process smooth, transparent, and stress-free.

Outside of work, Cassi is a proud wife and mom of 2. Her love for adventure led her family to live in a converted Skoolie, traveling through all 48 contiguous states and creating unforgettable memories along the way. Later, she followed her kids’ dream of island living and spent a year in Maui, fully embracing the slower, tropical pace of life. Cassi believes in living boldly, following dreams, and making the most of every moment.

Taylor Johnson

Escrow Account Lead

Taylor Johnson is a graduate from Texas State University, with a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and a major in Management. Taylor joined the SeedTrust team with experience in Escrow and Title.  As someone who

faced personal fertility struggles, she is deeply passionate about helping families grow and holds each journey close to her heart. Taylor is devoted to making every client feel comfortable, confident and cared for throughout their entire journey.

Taylor was born and raised in Austin, Texas, and still resides there with her husband and their two dogs. Outside of work, Taylor enjoys spending quality time with family and friends, live music, reading and travel.

Amy Rauth

Escrow Account Lead

Amy Rauth is a graduate of the University of Oregon with a Bachelor of Science degree in Psychology. Amy joined the SeedTrust team with eight years of office administration experience in human services and healthcare. She utilizes her background to 

provide attention to detail and clear communication to ensure that clients have the best possible experience in every aspect of their journey.

In Amy’s free time, she enjoys adventuring the beautiful Oregon Coast, taking camping trips, and attending Oregon Ducks sporting events. 

Madi Barnet

ESCROW ACCOUNT SPECIALIST

Madeline (Madi) brings a wealth of experience and a unique legal perspective to the team. Before joining SeedTrust, Madi honed her skills as an international trademark paralegal, where she developed a keen eye for detail and a strong understanding of complex legal 

processes. This background has been instrumental in ensuring accuracy and compliance in the disbursement process at SeedTrust. Madi is committed to delivering exceptional service and ensuring that all disbursement requests are handled with the utmost care and precision.

Outside of work, Madi enjoys traveling, curling up with a good book, or taking long walks with her dog. She is thrilled to be part of the SeedTrust team, where she can leverage her legal expertise and passion for helping others to make a meaningful impact.

Claire Chang

Escrow Account Specialist

Claire Chang, Escrow Account Specialist, joined SeedTrust with over 8 years of experience in various fields of healthcare, including medical and legal translation, reproductive care, egg donation, and surrogacy.  Claire holds a BS degree in Life Science 

and is fluent in both English and Mandarin Chinese. She is passionate about helping families grow and providing excellent communication to ensure satisfaction for all clients.

In her free time, Claire enjoys spending time with family and friends and loves to travel, both locally and abroad.

Gianna Robinson

Escrow Account Specialist

Gianna Robinson is a graduate from the University of Arizona holding a Bachelor’s degree in Pre-Law. She has extensive legal experience from her academics and in previous employment. Such experience varied from

working at a county courthouse to participating in a family law clinic. She applies her analytical and interpersonal skills into her current role as an ART paralegal. Gianna makes it a priority to ensure that clients feel comfortable and helps them understand the escrow process.

In her free time, Gianna frequently hits the gym and loves to stay active to promote body and mind positivity. She also volunteers as a Victim Advocate for the community of Tucson, Arizona. Her goal is to attend law school in the near future.

Zane Zantai

Escrow Account Lead

Zane Zentai is a graduate from the University of Arizona, with a degree in Law and Criminology. His previous work experience includes Mission Support for the Federal Government, as well as Service Experience Management. Zane hopes to utilize his meticulous 

attention to detail and excellent  customer service skills to better serve our clients and enhance their overall experience.

Outside of work, Zane enjoys learning how to play new instruments, finding new ways to make coffee, and traveling wherever possible. He plans to continue his law education going forward.

Grace Wofford

Escrow Account Lead

Grace, brings a wealth of legal experience spanning from criminal law to trusts and estates. Since relocating to Georgia in 2023 with her husband and loyal blue heeler, she’s been pursuing her academic passions at Savannah

Tech College, studying interdisciplinary and paralegal studies. With a firm belief that education is a lifelong journey transcending age, Grace advocates for the pursuit of knowledge at any stage of life. Beyond her professional & academic endeavors, she finds joy in capturing moments through photography, embarking on new adventures through travel, and indulging in the art of baking. Grace embodies a commitment to growth and exploration, both in her legal career and personal interests.

Lauren tessier

Escrow Account Lead

Lauren Tessier is a graduate of the Pennsylvania State University with dual Bachelor’s degrees in Criminology and Sociology and a minor in Political Science. In 2022, Lauren joined SeedTrust with Human Resources and Customer Service experience and is a

graduate of an ABA-certified Paralegal Studies certificate program in Raritan, New Jersey. Lauren takes tremendous pride in helping families grow and flourish however she can.

In her free time, Lauren can be found practicing her classically-trained art of Opera and learning new vocal techniques as a Mezzo Soprano. When she isn’t belting out melodies and prefers a night relaxing, she spends quality time with her husband by watching superhero movies and documentaries. Lauren also enjoys exploring areas outside of her home of Bucks County, PA.

Jessica Noda

Escrow Contract Coordinator

Jessica is a graduate of the Legal Studies Institute at Florida International University and holds a Paralegal Certificate. Jessica has over 15 years of legal experience both in litigation and pre-litigation. Jessica is also a Florida Notary Public and a 

Nationwide Remote Online Notary. Jessica was also a licensed insurance agent and worked independently for her Insurance Agency for about 5 years.

Jessica’s greatest and most honorable achievement is becoming a mother of 3. She has young Irish twin boys and a young princess!

You will find Jessica involved as a Team Mom for her son’s basketball team who have been playing since 2021. She keeps busy with practices and games which she LOVES!